[xysoom]

In-vitro Analysis of Hemostatic Cotton Khadi Dressing

The current investigation illustrates the formulation of Kaolin/Chitosan-based composition by using a simple mechanochemical method that can produce a stabilized hemostatic composition. Chitosan is stabilized in sodium hydroxide solution with which kaolin solution is mixed under controlled conditions. When the formulated hemostatic composition was impregnated on cotton khadi dressing it showed drastically improved hemostatic efficiency as compared to standard cotton gauze. The tightly woven cotton khadi fabric has a larger surface area as compared to standard cotton gauze and so it retains more hemostatic composition. The hemostatic properties of the composition are characterized using various in-vitro testing techniques like bleeding time analysis, clotting time analysis, absorption strength study, and several other parameters. Investigation of the freshly drawn blood samples from humans was used for experimenting in order to obtain highly accurate results. The results demonstrate that Kaolin/Chitosan composite impregnated cotton khadi dressing can noticeably enhance the hemostasis other than being biocompatible as demonstrated through an animal model and fresh blood study.To get more news about military haemostatic dressing, you can visit rusuntacmed.com official website.
Globally, approximately 1.3 million people die each year due to road traffic accidents according to the World Health Organization1. The main cause of death in the majority of road accidents is excessive blood loss from the site of injury before any medical assistance is provided to the patient. In the majority of traumatic injuries, hemorrhage constitutes up to 40% of deaths out of which 33-56% of death occurs before the patient is hospitalized2,3. Hemorrhage conditions may also be encountered during outdoor activities such as trekking, camping, or adventure sports. During such traumatic conditions, hemostasis plays the most important part in protecting the body.

In daily life, the basic knowledge of first-aid suggests covering the site of bleeding using a clean piece of cloth, patch, or gauze and applying direct pressure on the site to stop the bleeding. But in traumatic conditions when the blood flow is severe, conventional first-aid treatment is not adequate to stop the blood flow and facilitate the body’s natural hemostasis. The rapid hemostasis during the injury plays a vital role in avoiding fatality due to excessive blood loss. This inspires the development of advanced and effective hemostatic dressings for prehospital wound dressing to increase the survival rate 4. Notably, there are various hemostatic materials and technologies developed in the market to actively facilitate the coagulation of blood at the site of injury4–7. Using these materials there are different types of hemostatic dressings developed for use in traumatic injury and actively coagulate the site of bleeding8. The main function of the hemostatic dressing is: (i) to concentrate the blood cells at the site of hemostasis and absorb the water content from the blood (ii) to rapidly activate the coagulation cascade for faster coagulation and (iii) to form a mechanical barrier and stop the bleeding 4,7,9. An ideal hemostatic dressing for traumatic injuries and prehospital application must be quick and easy to use, it is very much useful if it is self-applicable. It must be safe, effective, and biocompatible and it should have an easy removal procedure10.
Based on these parameters various hemostatic dressings are available in the market. Kaolin clay is a naturally occurring cation-based aluminosilicate that activates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation by concentrating the clotting factors at the site of bleeding and rapidly absorbing the water content from the blood11,12. The Quikclot combat gauze (by Z-Medica) is a widely used hemostatic dressing that is impregnated with kaolin clay5,9. Quikclot Combat gauze facilitates rapid coagulation of the bleeding site and is a widely used hemostatic dressing among US Army and civilians for rapid hemostasis13. Several hemostatic dressings with kaolin and a combination of other chemicals are available in the market14–17. However, the presence of only the fine clay particles sometimes poses a risk of thrombosis which may arise due to the particle detachment from gauze during use. The presence of clay reduces the mechanical strength and flexibility of the gauze and it also fails to achieve rapid hemostasis due to the high loss of active particles18. Chitosan occurs naturally in the shells and outer skeleton of shrimp, crabs, and other living organisms. Chitosan is a polysaccharide composed of D-glucosamine which degrades in the body and forms glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine19. Chitosan is extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry because of its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and bio-adhesive properties. Chitosan is highly biocompatible and has a major application in hemostatic dressing20. A previous study showed that chitosan has a positive charge which induces the aggregation of platelets and erythrocytes. It also triggers the contact system activation when it comes in contact with the material21. Despite all the favorable properties of chitosan for its application in hemostatic dressing, the most important concern is its solubility. Chitosan has an amino group which makes it a weak base and so it is insoluble in water. This limits the preparation methodology and combines it with other hemostatic agents.